Image
volume 07  issue 03

Governance Structure and Organizational Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions: Governance Structure and Organizational Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions

Abstract

Private higher education institutes (HEIs) in China are seeing tremendous growth at the moment, particularly in the provinces of Guangdong and Henan. Through the incorporation of team behavior and the examination of the characteristics of the board of directors, top-management team, and board of supervisors within the existing governance structure of private higher education institutions (HEIs), it is possible to improve the efficiency with which private HEIs carry out their operations. In addition, the purpose of this research is to analyze the ways in which risk perception interacts with the connection between behavioral integration within teams and the achievement of organizational goals. In this study, a deductive research approach will be utilized to investigate and evaluate the association between the characteristics of the board of directors, top management, and board of supervisors in the governance structure, the behavioral integration of teams, and the performance of the company. The governance theory, the stakeholder theory, the agency theory, and the upper echelon theory will all serve as the foundation for this interpretation. Through the use of the upper echelon theory as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between team characteristics, the integration of team behavior, and an organization's overall performance. Utilizing the research framework of SCP in industrial economics, this study investigates the relationship between governance structure, governance practices, and organizational performance in private higher education institutions. Specifically, the study focuses on organizational performance. A combination of the fundamental ideas of corporate governance and the upper-level theory of team management is incorporated into this approach.

Keywords
  • Private Higher Education Institutions,
  • Organizational Performance,
  • Board of Directors,
  • Top-Management Team,
  • Board of Supervisors,
  • Team Behavioral Integration,
  • Risk Perception
References
  • • Abang’a, A. O. G., Tauringana, V., Wang’ombe, D., & Achiro, L. O. (2022). Corporate governance and financial performance of state-owned enterprises in Kenya. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 22(4), 798-820.
  • • Akram, F., Abrar ul Haq, M., Natarajan, V. K., & Chellakan, R. S. (2020). Board heterogeneity and corporate performance: An insight beyond agency issues. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1809299.
  • • Ali, R., Rehman, R. U., Suleman, S., & Ntim, C. G. (2022). CEO attributes, investment decisions, and firm performance: New insights from upper echelons theory. Managerial and Decision Economics, 43(2), 398-417.
  • • An, J. J. (2021). A Study on the Relationship between Board Characteristics, Heterogeneity and Firm Performance. Journal of Economic Research, (26), 12-14.
  • • Bai, L. (2020). A preliminary study on internal governance innovation of Guangdong private colleges and universities. Higher Education Exploration, (10),111-114.
  • • Bai, Z. E., Liu, Q., Lv, Z., Song, M., & Zhang, J. X. (2005). An empirical study on the governance structure of Chinese listed companies. Economic Research, (02), 81-91.
  • • Bai, Z. Y. (2019). Promote the modernization of higher education governance with performance management. Modern Educational Management, (07), 42-48. DOI:10.16697/j.cnki.xdjygl.2019.07.007.
  • • Bantel, K. A., & Jackson, S. E. (1989). Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference? Strategic management journal, 10(S1), 107-124.
  • • Bernardin, H. J. (1984, August). An Analysis of Black–White Differences in Job Performance. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 1984, No. 1, pp. 265-268). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
  • • Bie, D. R. (2023). The situation, tasks and strategic choices facing the high-quality development of private higher education institutions. Hunan Education (D version), (06), 43-45.
  • • Bing, S., Ma, L., & Wang, X. L. (2015). The effect of top-management team functional heterogeneity on firm performance: the moderating role of CEO power. China Soft Science, (2), 117-126.
  • • Bjornali, E. S., Knockaert, M., & Erikson, T. (2016). The impact of top management team characteristics and board service involvement on team effectiveness in high-tech start-ups. Long Range Planning, 49(4), 447-463.
  • • Brahma, S., Nwafor, C., & Boateng, A. (2021). Board gender diversity and firm performance: The UK evidence. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(4), 5704-5719.
  • • Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946-967.
  • • Campbell, J. P. (1977). On the nature of organizational effectiveness. New perspectives on organizational effectiveness, 13, 55.
  • • Campos, C. E., Newell, R. E., & Wilson, G. (2002). Corporate governance develops in emerging markets. McKinsey on Finance, 3, 15-18.
  • • Cao, D. (2021). A Study of Top-Management Team Characteristics, Equity Concentration and Firm Performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Central South University of Economics and Law.
  • • Cao, R. (2020). Can highly educated executives better control corporate financial risk? International Business accounting, (12),89-96.
  • • Cao, T. T., & Zhang, R. W. (2023). Female board authority, board climate and environmental performance. Financial Treatise, (01), 93-102 DOI:10.13762/j.cnki.cjlc.2023.01.003
  • • Cao, T., Cao, T. Y., & Yan, D. S. (2018). Practice exploration of performance evaluation of university running. Journal of Ningbo University, (05), 56-59.
  • • Cao, Y., & Li, G. C. (2023). Current situation and trend analysis of performance evaluation research in Chinese universities. Educational Observation, (19), 8-12. DOI:10.16070/j.cnki.cn45-1388/g4s.2023.19.020.
  • • Chan, J. X. (2022). A Study of the Relationship between Top Management Team Characteristics and Firm Performance in Chinese Listed Firms. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Jilin University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Charkham, J., 1992, Corporate Governance: Lessons from Abroad. European Business Journal, 4(2):8-15
  • • Chen, C. (2022). Research on the influence of internal and external governance on performance of listed companies. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Central University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Chen, Q., Zhou, Y. L., & Chen, Z. (2021). The Impact of Supplier Attention on Co-Innovation Performance and the Role of Integrated Leadership in it. Economic and Information Forum, (7), 113-119.
  • • Chen, X. Y. (2020). A study of the relationship between boards of supervisors and corporate performance of Chinese listed companies. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
  • • Chen, X. Y., & Xu, X. D. (2001). Ownership structure, corporate performance and investor benefit protection. Economic Research, (11), 3-11+94.
  • • Cheng, Y. L., & Yang, L. (2020). University governance and performance in the era of big data. Friends of Accounting, (11),110-115.
  • • Christensen-Salem, A., Kinicki, A., Perrmann-Graham, J., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2022). CEO performance management behaviors’ influence on TMT flourishing, job attitudes, and firm performance. Human Relations, 00187267221119767.
  • • Cui, X. Y., Chen, C. H., & Su, T. A study of the relationship between top-management team heterogeneity and organizational performance: a Meta-analytic test. Management Review, (9), 152-163.
  • • Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Johnson, J. L., & Ellstrand, A. E. (1999). Number of directors and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Academy of Management journal, 42(6), 674-686.
  • • Dang, X. N., Li, X. J., & Wu, N. (2013). Research on the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance of listed companies. Finance and Accounting Newsletter, (09), 34-36+40. doi:10.16144/j.cnki.issn1002-8072.2013.09.018.
  • • de Matos Pedro, E., Alves, H., & Leitão, J. (2022). In search of intangible connections: intellectual capital, performance and quality of life in higher education institutions. Higher education, 83(2), 243-260.
  • • De Silva Lokuwaduge, C., & Armstrong, A. (2015). The impact of governance on the performance of the higher education sector in Australia. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(5), 811-827. DOI: 10.1177/17411432145357
  • • Deng, X. M., Luo, H., Long, X. Y., Qiu, W.Y., Shu, M., Zhang, L. Y., & Huang, J. F. (2021). Top-management Heterogeneity, Competitive Strategy Mix and Market Performance - An Empirical Test from the Chinese Home Appliance Industry. Nankai Management Review, (04), 103-117.
  • • Díaz-Fernández, M. C., González-Rodríguez, M. R., & Simonetti, B. (2020). Top management team diversity and high performance: An integrative approach based on upper echelons and complexity theory. European Management Journal, 38(1), 157-168.
  • • Du, X. L, & Li, Y. (2020). Top-management team characteristics and organizational dual capabilities: a meta-analysis based on a cognitive perspective. Shanghai Management Science, (05), 46-50.
  • • Duppati, G., Rao, N. V., Matlani, N., Scrimgeour, F., & Patnaik, D. (2020). Gender diversity and firm performance: evidence from India and Singapore. Applied Economics, 52(14), 1553-1565.
  • • Eden, C., & Ackermann, F. (1998). Making strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • • Fan, X. M., & Liu, B. (2023). A Study of the Impact of Corporate Governance Structure Differences on Bank Dual Performance and its Synergy. Frontiers of Engineering Management Science and Technology, (02),90-96.
  • • Fang, Q. (2020). A study of the impact of top-management mobility and cross-firm strategic learning on firm performance (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Fėlix, E. G. S., & David, D. S. T. (2019). Performance of family-owned firms: the impact of gender at the management level. Journal of Family Business Management, 9(2), 228-250.
  • • Feng, S. Q. (2017). Study on executive tenure and accounting conservatism. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Guilin University of Electronic Technology.
  • • Fernando, G. D., Jain, S. S., & Tripathy, A. (2020). This cloud has a silver lining: Gender diversity, managerial ability, and firm performance. Journal of business research, 117, 484-496.
  • • Finegold, D., Benson, G. S., & Hecht, D. (2007). Corporate boards and company performance: Review of research in light of recent reforms. Corporate Governance: an international review, 15(5), 865-878.
  • • Finkelstein, S., & Hambrick, D. C. (1990). Top-management-team tenure and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion. Administrative science quarterly, 484-503.
  • • Ford, J. D., & Schellenberg, D. A. (1982). Conceptual issues of linkage in the assessment of organizational performance. Academy of management review, 7(1), 49-58.
  • • Ford, M. R., & Ihrke, D. M. (2020). Connecting group dynamics, governance, and performance: Evidence from charter school boards. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(5), 1035-1057. DOI: 10.1177/0899764020911206
  • • Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press.
  • • Gao, X., Sun, Y., & Piao, X. T. (2020). Problems and countermeasures of internal governance structure in non-profit private colleges and universities. Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University, (03), 33-37.
  • • Gao, Y. (2019). A study on the optimization of internal governance structures in private higher education institutions. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Yanbian University.
  • • Gao, Z. B. (2023). Practice and Exploration on Optimising Performance Evaluation Management System in Higher Education Institutions. Vitality Journal, (07),101-103.
  • • Ge, B. S., & Wang, Z. R. (2019). Entrepreneurial Team Behavioral Integration, Relational Learning and Entrepreneurial Performance - The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Team Behavioral Complexity. Southern Economy, 38(10), 34-46.
  • • González-Garay, A., Pozo, C., Galán-Martín, Á., Brechtelsbauer, C., Chachuat, B., Chadha, D., et al. (2019). Assessing the performance of UK universities in the field of chemical engineering using data envelopment analysis. Education for Chemical Engineers, 29, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2019.06.003.
  • • Cunningham, M. S. (1967). The major dimensions of perceived risk. Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior.
  • • Guluma, T. F. (2021). The impact of corporate governance measures on firm performance: the influences of managerial overconfidence. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-18.
  • • Guo, F. (2022). Exploration of university performance management system based on organizational function. Administrative Business Assets and Finance, (08), 27-29.
  • • Guo, Q. (2020). Research on corporate governance structure of private universities in China. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Hebei University of Science and Technology.
  • • Guo, T. J. (2021). A study on the mechanism of the role of top-management team behavioral integration on corporate innovation performance. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Jilin University.
  • • Hambrick, D. C. (1994). Top management groups: A conceptual integration and reconsideration of the" team" label. Research in organizational behavior, 16, 171-171.
  • • Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of management review, 9(2), 193-206.
  • • Han, Y., & Fan, J. (2022). A Study on the Impact of Governance Structure, Technological Innovation on Firm Performance of Listed Agricultural Companies. Economy, (11), 106-114. doi:10.16528/j.cnki.22-1054/f.202211106.
  • • Hao, Y. H., & Zhou, Y. X. (2010). Board structure, corporate governance and performance: Empirical evidence from a dynamic endogenous perspective. Chinese Industrial Economy, (05), 110-120. DOI:10.19581/j.cnki.ciejournal.2010.05.012.
  • • Harrer, M., Cuijpers, P., Furukawa, T., & Ebert, D. (2021). Doing meta-analysis with R: A hands-on guide. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • • He, P. L., Sun, Y. L., Li, T., Yuan, Y., & Chen, Y. R. (2019). The characteristics of directors and Business performance: Based on the empirical study of China's New third Board enterprises. Accounting Research, (11), 49-55.
  • • He, Y. S., & Yang, X. (2023). Current and Prospective Research on the Heterogeneity of Top Management Teams on the Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions under Environmental Dynamics. Proceedings of the Shanghai Sub-Forum of the Smart City Construction Forum 2023 (pp.14-15)
  • • Hermawan, R., Septian, M. D., & Hayat, H. (2022). Impacts of Implementing the Learning Policy on Vocational Higher Education in Post Covid-19 Pandemic. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i1.1835
  • • Hou, G. G., & Zhao, G.Q. (2022). Higher education institutions: the pursuit of goals and practical path of private higher education institutions governance. Hubei Social Sciences, (09), 155-160. doi:10.13660/j.cnki.42-1112/c.015946.
  • • Hu, B. L., Tian, M., & Yan, S. (2020). Top-management team heterogeneity, network capabilities and business model adaptation. Research Management, (01),265-273. doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2020.01.026.
  • • Hu, G. L. (2013). A study of the effect of entrepreneurial team heterogeneity on entrepreneurial decision making. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Jiangsu University.
  • • Hu, G. L. (2014). A Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Teams' Risk Perception and Entrepreneurial Decision Making - A Mediation Role Analysis Based on Team Communication. Technical Economics and Management Research, (07), 36-40.
  • • Hu, H. R. (2022). Research on performance evaluation of private colleges and universities based on Balanced Scorecard. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Dongbei University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Hu, Z. M., & Fang, L. (2020). Top-management team heterogeneity, CEO power and corporate innovation performance - Empirical data based on GEM high-tech firms. Finance & Accounting Newsletter, (09), 51-55. doi:10.16144/j.cnki.issn1002-8072.2020.09.010.
  • • Huang, B. X. (2022). The application of balanced scorecard in performance management of private higher education institutions. Accounting for China's Township Enterprises, (02), 130-132.
  • • Huang, F., & Qin, M. (2023). Research on the impact of top-management team behavioral integration mechanism on corporate performance. Journal of Nanning Normal University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), (03), 71-83. doi:10.16601/j.cnki.issn2096-7349.2023.03.009.
  • • Huang, T. M. (2019). Top-management team heterogeneity, CEO power and firm performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from South China University of Technology.
  • • Huang, Y. S. (2021). Reflection and reconstruction of corporate governance structure in private colleges and universities. Jiangsu higher education, (02), 64-70. DOI:10.13236/j.cnki.jshe.2021.02.011
  • • Hundal, S., Eskola, A., & Wahlgrén, A. (2018). Changing university governance dynamics through Interplays and convergences with corporate governance. In 6th Higher Education Institutions Conference. 27–28 September 2018, Dubrovnik, Croatia Quality & Governance in Higher Education: Opening new frontiers. Mate Ltd.
  • • Huo, J. (2021). Performance evaluation index selection of private vocational colleges based on Balanced Scorecard framework -- A case study of s Vocational College. Financial and Economic Circles, (23), 185-186. DOI:10.19887/j.cnki.cn11-4098/f.2021.23.092.
  • • Hou, S. C. (2022). Research on the Mechanism of Board Human Capital Heterogeneity on Corporate Performance (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Henan Normal University.
  • • Iliyasu, R., & Etikan, I. (2021). Comparison of quota sampling and stratified random sampling. Biom. Biostat. Int. J. Rev, 10(1), 24-27.
  • • Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (2019). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. In Corporate governance, (pp. 77-132). Gower.
  • • Jiang, G. H., & Yue, H. (2005). Research on the relationship between capital occupied by major shareholders and stock return rate of listed companies. Manage the World, (09), 119-126+157+171-172. DOI:10.19744/j.cnki.11-1235/f.2005.09.013.
  • • Jiang, L. (2020). A Study of the Impact of Board Heterogeneity on Firm Performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Southwest University of Finance and Economics, Beijing.
  • • Jukka, T. (2021). Top management team demography and firm operating performance: A path analysis. Journal of Strategy and Management, 14(1), 19-34.
  • • Kang, W. Z. (2007). A survey on the status of senior women in listed companies in China. Women's Studies Collection (04), 23-29.
  • • Lai, Y. (2022). A study of the relationship between team fracture zones, team behavioral integration and team performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Nanjing University of Science and Technology.
  • • Le, Y., Wang, J. Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Top-management team heterogeneity, government support and major project performance. Research Management, (08), 201-208. doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.08.023.
  • • Lee, M. P. and E. H. James. (2007). She’-e-os: Gender Effects and Investor Reactions to the Announcements of Top Executive Appointments. Strategic Management Journal, 28(3): 227-241.
  • • Lee, T., Liu, W. T., & Yu, J. X. (2021). Does TMT composition matter to environmental policy and firm performance? The role of organizational slack. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(1), 196-213.
  • • Li, D. W., & Wu, Q. (2017). The effect of top-management team heterogeneity on corporate social performance. A Management Review, (12), 84-93. doi:10.14120/j.cnki.cn11-5057/f.2017.12.008.
  • • Li, J. & Gong, Y. X. (2023). Research on the Relationship between Top-Management Team Characteristics, Firm Size and Innovation Performance - An Empirical Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence Listed Firms. Enterprise Technology and Development, (03), 106-110.
  • • Li, J. (2023). Analysis on the application of strategic map and performance index model in Guangxi private colleges and universities. Enterprise Reform and Management, (04), 86-88. DOI:10.13768/j.cnki.cn11-3793/f.2023.0189.
  • • Li, J. R. (2019). An empirical study on governance structure and corporate performance of educational listed companies in China. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xiamen University.
  • • Li, R. (2019). Research on the construction of board of supervisor institutions in private higher education institutions. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Southwest University.
  • • Li, T. (2023). Study on the influence of board level on corporate green governance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Shandong University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Li, T. Z. (2020). An analytical study of the internal governance structure of private higher education institutions. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Hebei University of Geology.
  • • Li, W. (2020). Research on the driving mechanism of business model innovation of Internet financial enterprises. Research Management 41(07), 130-137. doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2020.07.014.
  • • Li, W. A., Niu, J. B., & Song, X. Y. (2009). A Review of the Theoretical Roots and Research Lineage of Board Governance Research. Nankai Management Review, (1), 130-145.
  • • Li, X. G., Su, J., & Wen, S. M. (2020). Differences in public risk perception at the beginning of a major outbreak - A study of the mechanisms influencing the adoption of health messages on novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Global Media, 7(1), 130-151.
  • • Li, X. Q. (2021). Research on the reform of social responsibility and governance model of private colleges and universities from the perspective of stakeholders. Journal of Yellow River Institute of Science and Technology, (04), 11-15. DOI:10.19576/j.issn.2096-790X.2021.04.003
  • • Li, X. Q. (2022). A three-dimension discussion on the modernization of governance ability of private colleges and universities. Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University, (02), 9-17.
  • • Li, X. Q. (2022). Some relationships in the internal governance of private higher education institutions. Journal of Yellow River Institute of Science and Technology, (03), 12-16. doi:10.19576/j.issn.2096-790X.2022.03.003.
  • • Li, Y. (2023). The Impact of Tmt Characteristics On Enterprise Performance With Corporate Social Responsibility As The Mediator. The EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, (5 (42)), 45-57.
  • • Li, Z. W. (2020). Research on the construction of performance evaluation index system of local higher education institutions based on balanced scorecard. China Management Information Technology, (19), 56-58.
  • • Lian, J. (2023). Research on university strategy map framework and performance indicator model based on BSC+KPI -- A case study of L College, a private university in Guangxi. Enterprise Reform and Management, (16), 162-164. DOI:10.13768/j.cnki.cn11-3793/f.2023.0894
  • • Liang, Q. Q. (2019). An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Top-Management Team Characteristics, Heterogeneity and Team Performance - A Case Study of Central Enterprise G Group. Science, Technology and Economy, (03), 75-79. doi:10.14059/j.cnki.cn32-1276n.2019.03.016.
  • • Lilian Chan, Y., & William Richardson, A. (2012). Board governance in Canadian universities. Accounting Perspectives, 11(1), 31-55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3838.2012.00030.x
  • • Lin, N. (2010). An empirical study of the relationship between the ratio of female directors on the board of directors and corporate performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Nanchang University.
  • • Lin, Y., & Zhou, Y. Q. (2011). The educational background of top managers and firm performance: an empirical test based on GEM data. Journal of Central South University, (05), 60-65.
  • • Liu H. L., Chen, X., & Chen, Y. S. (2023). The value goal, model construction and practice direction of multi-subject governance in private colleges and universities from the perspective of governance modernization. Education and Career, (14), 53-58. DOI:10.13615/j.cnki.1004-3985.2023.14.017.
  • • Liu, B., Wang, L. L., & Li, Y. (2011). Research on the relationship between executive team tenure and firm innovation input based on power configuration. Journal of Hebei University of Technology, (04), 104-109. DOI:10.14081/j.cnki.hgdxb.2011.04.010.
  • • Liu, D. K., & Feng, B. (2019). Evaluation of teaching quality performance of private higher education institutions in the context of classification management--Based on the perspective of balanced scorecard. Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University (Humanities and Social Sciences), (05), 18-26.
  • • Liu, H., Liu, Y. L., & Xu, H. J. (2018). The Relationship between Top-Management Heterogeneity and Firm Performance under the Regulation of Equity Structure. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Science Edition), (03), 76-86.
  • • Liu, J. (2021). Research on performance evaluation model of private higher education institutions based on balanced scorecard. China High-Tech, (11), 96-97.
  • • Liu, J. S., Zhang, B., & Luo, Q. (2019). Foreign Equity Participation, Board Characteristics and Business Performance of Commercial Banks - An Empirical Analysis Based on 121 Commercial Banks in China. China Management Science, (09),119-129. doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2019.09.011.
  • • Liu, L. H., & Zheng, S. S. (2021). The impact of partner team governance on firm growth: the mediating role of team behavioral integration. Firm Economics, (08), 117-124. doi:10.13529/j.cnki.enterprise.economy.2021.08.012.
  • • Liu, L. J. (2021). Study on the prevention of risks in the operation of non-profit private higher education institutions (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Xiamen University.
  • • Liu, M. F. (2019). The Impact of Top-Management Political Connections on Private Firms' Innovation Performance - The Nonlinear Mediating Effect of Board Governance Behavior. Research Management, (05), 233-243. doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2019.05.023.
  • • Liu, R., & Tian, Y. Z. (2014). A study of the relationship between human capital of supervisors' boards, nature of equity and firm performance. Accountant, (04), 7-9.
  • • Liu, S. (2020). Research on corporate governance structure of private colleges and universities. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Jilin University.
  • • Liu, T. (2022). How TMT knowledge background affects corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance? Asian Business Research, 7(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.20849/abr.v7i1.984
  • • Liu, X. (2021). Analysis of factors affecting the internal governance model of private colleges and universities. Fudan Education Forum, (06), 36-42. DOI:10.13397/j.cnki.fef.2021.06.005
  • • Liu, Y., & Ren, P. (2016). Analysis of the influence of executive tenure characteristics on corporate performance: Based on the empirical data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies. Modern commerce (03), 141-147. DOI:10.14097/j.cnki.5392/2016.03.076.
  • • Liu, Z. W. (2021). A study of the impact of top-management team characteristics, real surplus management on corporate performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xi'an University of Science and Technology.
  • • Long, Y. (2022). Analysis of governance system path of private colleges and universities under the concept of governing by law. Science and Technology Management Research, (09), 240.
  • • Lu, Z. S. (2022). Impact of the governance structure of school-based enterprises on business performance and optimization countermeasures. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Beijing Jiaotong University.
  • • Lv, X. J. (2015). Ownership structure, executive incentives and governance efficiency of listed companies: a study based on heterogeneity stochastic boundary model. Management Review, (06), 128-139. DOI:10.14120/j.cnki.cn11-5057/f.2015.06.013.
  • • Lv, Y. Z. (2021). The main characteristics, realistic dilemma and optimization countermeasures of internal governance in non-profit private colleges and universities. Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University, (01), 25-30.
  • • Ma, C., Ge, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). Top Management Team Intrapersonal Functional Diversity and Adaptive Firm Performance: The Moderating Roles of the CEO–TMT Power Gap and Severity of Threat. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 772739.
  • • Ma, R. J., & Tang, X. S. (2016). Academic background Independent Directors, corporate performance and CEO change. Financial Science, (09), 77-87.
  • • Ma, Y., Sun, C. Q., & Zhao, Y. L. (2020). A study on the impact of top-management team heterogeneity on decision-making performance - A case study of a listed flavoring company. China Seasoning, (03), 188-193.
  • • Mendelow, A. L. (1991) ‘Environmental Scanning: The Impact of the Stakeholder Concept’. Proceedings From the Second International Conference on Information Systems 407-418. Cambridge, MA.
  • • Mosca, Manuela (2016). “Industrial Organization”. In: Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis Volume III: Developments in Major Fields of Economics. Ed. by Gilbert Faccarello and Heinz D. Kurz. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 291–304.
  • • Murphy, G. B., Trailer, J. W., & Hill, R. C. (1996). Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research. Journal of business research, 36(1), 15-23.
  • • Nayeem, S., & Huma, P. (2017). Non-probability and probability sampling chapter.
  • • Nguyen, T. H. H., Ntim, C. G., & Malagila, J. K. (2020). Women on corporate boards and corporate financial and non-financial performance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. International review of financial analysis, 71, 101554.
  • • Niu, R. M. (2021). A Study on the Impact of Governance Structure of Listed Companies on Performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Capital University of Economics and Business.
  • • Niu, Y. (2022). A study of organizational structure-behavior-performance in the transport sector of city A. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Southeast University.
  • • Oketch, J. O., Kilika, J. M., & Kinyua, G. M. (2021). TMT characteristics and organizational performance in a regulatory setting in Kenya. Journal of Economics and Business, 4(1).
  • • Pan, Y. (2022). Research on internal governance problems and optimization of private universities. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Sichuan Normal University.
  • • Pei, X. W. (2018). Evaluation of the internal governance structure of private colleges and universities in Hebei. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Hebei GEO University.
  • • Peng, Y. (2020). A Study of the Impact of Board Membership Characteristics and Their Heterogeneity on Firm Performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Henan University.
  • • Pham, T. D. T., & Lo, F. Y. (2023). How does top management team diversity influence firm performance? A causal complexity analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 186, 122162.
  • • Qian, Z. C., Wang, D. D., & Yan, Y. H. (2020). A Study on the Role Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Team Relationship Governance Affecting Entrepreneurial Performance. China Price, (02), 79-82.
  • • Qin, M. (2022). Current research on the relationship between top management team heterogeneity and corporate performance in China. International journal of entrepreneurship, (3), 1-9.
  • • Que, M.K. (2020). Research on the generation mechanism of China's higher higher education institutions by private higher education institutions. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Xiamen University.
  • • Raharjo, K., Djalil, M. A., Syahputra, H., Muslim, B., & Adam, M. (2019). Dimensions of identity strength and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in establishing good university governance and performance of religious ideology-based higher educations. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 11(2), 250-272. DOI: 10.1108/JARHE-07-2018-0115
  • • Ran, G., Fang, Q., Luo, S., & Chan, K. C. (2015). Supervisory board characteristics and accounting information quality: Evidence from China. International Review of Economics & Finance, 37, 18-32.
  • • Ren, H. T. (2021). The governing board of non-profit private colleges and universities and its system improvement. Jiangsu higher education, (02), 78-84. DOI:10.13236/j.cnki.jshe.2021.02.013
  • • Ren, X. Q. (2022). Research on the strategy of promoting the modernization of higher education governance by university performance management. Education and teaching forum, (29), 45-48.
  • • Ren, Y. W., Mao, Z., & Zhang, B. Q. (2019). A study on the mechanism of entrepreneurial team heterogeneity on innovation performance: the role of strategic flexibility and institutional environment. Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), (06), 176-185.
  • • Rivera-Trigueros, I. (2022). Machine translation systems and quality assessment: a systematic review. Language Resources and Evaluation, 56(2), 593-619.
  • • Rose, C. (2007). Does female board representation influence firm performance? The Danish evidence. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(2), 404-413.
  • • Saidat, Z., Silva, M., & Seaman, C. (2019). The relationship between corporate governance and financial performance: Evidence from Jordanian family and nonfamily firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 9(1), 54-78.
  • • Saidu, S. (2019). CEO characteristics and firm performance: focus on origin, education and ownership. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 29. DOI10.1186/s40497-019-0153-7
  • • Sarengaowa. (2021). Study on the role of government in improving the internal governance of private universities in China. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Jilin University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Savage, G. T., Nix, T. W., Whitehead, C. J., & Blair, J. D. (1991). Strategies for assessing and managing organizational stakeholders. Academy of management perspectives, 5(2), 61-75.
  • • Sedláček, J. (2017). The Impact of Governance on the Research Performance of European Universities in Cross-Country Comparisons. Review of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 337. DOI: 10.1515/revecp-2017-0018
  • • Setiawan, R., & Gestanti, L. (2022). CEO characteristics, firm policy, and firm performance. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(1), 371-389.
  • • Sharma, N. K. (2022). Instruments Used in the Collection of Data in Research. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4138751
  • • Shen, S. Q. (2022). A study of the relationship between contractual and relational governance, team behavioral integration and entrepreneurial performance in entrepreneurial teams. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Nanjing University of Science and Technology.
  • • Shen, Z. H. (2020). Research on current situation and countermeasures of performance management in Chinese universities . (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Xiamen University.
  • • Shi, M. (2019). Governance value and realization of board of directors system in private colleges and universities. Fudan Education Forum, (02),15-20. DOI:10.13397/j.cnki.fef.2019.02.004.
  • • Shi, J. W., Gao, M., Yu, X. J., & Liu, H. (2022). Research on performance appraisal of application-oriented private undergraduate colleges -- taking the performance appraisal of A university as an example. Modern Trade Industry, (06), 89-91. DOI:10.19311/j.cnki.1672-3198.2022.06.037.
  • • Shi, M. (2023). The analysis framework of the governance of private universities: Based on the research of relevant literature. Journal of Yellow River Institute of Science and Technology, (03), 17-22. DOI:10.19576/j.issn.2096-790X.2022.03.004.
  • • Shi, M. (2023). Analysis of research hotspots and development trends of for-profit private higher education institutions based on knowledge mapping. Journal of Jinan University (Social Science Edition), 33 (5), 135-144. DOI:10.20004/j.cnki.ujn.2023.04.009
  • • Shi, M., & Hou, Z. (2021). The particularity and improvement path of governance ability of private colleges and universities. Fudan Education Forum, (03), 75-80. DOI:10.13397/j.cnki.fef.2021.03.010
  • • Shi, W. L. (2023). Discussion on the construction strategy of university performance evaluation index system. Economist, (08), 76-77.
  • • Shu, Y. (2021). Research on the influence of executive team characteristics on firm performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Southwest University.
  • • Sieweke, J., Bostandzic, D., & Smolinski, S. M. (2023). The influence of top management team gender diversity on firm performance during stable periods and economic crises: An instrumental variable analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 101703.
  • • Simionescu, L. N., Gherghina, Ş. C., Tawil, H., & Sheikha, Z. (2021). Does board gender diversity affect firm performance? Empirical evidence from Standard & Poor’s 500 Information Technology Sector. Financial Innovation, 7(1), 1-45.
  • • Simsek, Z., Veiga, J. F., Lubatkin, M. H., & Dino, R. N. (2005). Modeling the multilevel determinants of top management team behavioral integration. Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), 69-84.
  • • Singh, A. K., Singhania, S., & Sardana, V. (2019). Do women on boards affect firm's financial performance? Evidence from Indian IPO firms. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 13(2), 53-68.
  • • Soh, K. (2017). The seven deadly sins of world university ranking: a summary from several papers. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management ISSN, 39(1), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080 X.2016.1254431.
  • • Song, F. D. (2019). An empirical study on the characteristics of supervisory boards of A-share listed companies and company performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from North China Electric Power University.
  • • Su, J. (2023). A study of performance evaluation of higher education institutions under result orientation. Administrative Assets and Finance, (01), 34-36.
  • • Song, J. B. & and Wen, W. (2016). Can directors' overseas background promote corporate innovation? China Soft Science (11), 109-120.
  • • Sun, L. J., Liang, S., & Kang, R. (2019). Research on the Influence Mechanism of Corporate Innovation Performance Based on SCP Paradigm. Scientific Research, (06), 1122-1132. doi:10.16192/j.cnki.1003-2053.2019.06.018.
  • • Sun, Y. (2020). The impact of the independence of supervisory boards of mixed-ownership enterprises on the effectiveness of their performance of duties. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xi'an University of Science and Technology.
  • • Sun, Y. D. (2020). The effect of board of supervisor governance on firm performance under heterogeneity of shareholding structure. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Shandong University of Architecture.
  • • Sun, Y. X., & Zhang, R. (2000). Board size, corporate governance and performance. Enterprise Economy, (10), 13-15. doi:10.13529/j.cnki.enterprise.economy.2000.10.004.
  • • Syakhroza, A., Diyanty, V., & Dewo, S. A. (2021). Top management team (TMT) age diversity and firm performance: the moderating role of the effectiveness of TMT meetings. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 27(5/6), 486-503.
  • • Tanikawa, T., & Jung, Y. (2019). CEO power and top management team tenure diversity: implications for firm performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(2), 256-272.
  • • Tao, F. M. (2020). Research on the governance mechanism of private universities under the background of classified management. Journal of Yellow River Institute of Science and Technology, (06), 1-5. DOI:10.19576/j.issn.2096-790X.2020.06.001
  • • Tian, B. (2019). Research on internal governance structure of private Z universities. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Henan University of Economics and Law.
  • • Tian, D. (2017). An empirical analysis and contingent discussion of the leadership team structure at the university level in higher education institutions in China. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Nanchang University.
  • • Unda, L. A., Gong, Z., Benati, K., & Loh, C. M. (2023). Role expectations and shared accountability: A framework for school governance. Financial Accountability & Management, 39(4), 790-808. DOI: 10.1111/faam.12322
  • • Veltri, S., Puntillo, P., & Pierri, F. (2022). Investigating the association between universities' corporate governance structure and the knowledge transfer performance outcomes. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 1154-1179. DOI: 10.1108/EJIM-01-2022-0003
  • • Wang, B. (2019). The Construction of Performance Evaluation System Based on Balanced Scorecard in China's Higher Vocational Colleges and Universities. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Jiangxi Zaijin University.
  • • Wang, B. Y. (2022). Research on corporate governance of for-profit private universities. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from East China Normal University.
  • • Wang, C. (2019). Female executives and cross-border mergers and acquisitions: decision-making, performance, and institutional testing. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Nankai University.
  • • Wang, H. D., Yue, H., & Zhang, X. (2019). A Study on the Relationship between Corporate Governance Structure and Firm Performance - Based on the Perspective of Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises. Shanghai Economic Research, (04), 17-27. doi:10.19626/j.cnki.cn31-1163/f.2019.04.003.
  • • Wang, J. H., & Chen, Y. S. (2023). Exploration of the path of high-quality development of private higher education institutions in the new era. Journal of Ningbo University (Education Science Edition), (05), 126-132. doi:10.20102/j.cnki.1008-0627.2023.0032.
  • • Wang, J. Y., Kong, L. P., Xue, L.D., & Liang, H. (2021). The Relationship between Multidimensional Heterogeneity of Board Human Capital and Firm Performance. Finance and Accounting Newsletter, 12, 24-27.
  • • Wang, L. C. (2022). Research on intergenerational inheritance, change of governance structure and firm performance. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Hefei University of Technology.
  • • Wang, L. N. (2019). Research on the innovation of governance model of private colleges and universities. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Northwestern University.
  • • Wang, M. L., & Lu, F. (2021). Research on regional characteristics, internal governance structure and business performance. Chinese Certified Public Accountant, (11), 73-77. DOI:10.16292/j.cnki.issn1009-6345.2021.11.015.
  • • Wang, Q. (2017). A study of the evolutionary mechanism of risk perception in entrepreneurial teams. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Wuhan Institute of Technology.
  • • Wang, Y. (2019). Construction and quantitative research of university performance evaluation system. Friends of Accounting, (14), 17-23.
  • • Wang, Y. (2023). A study of the impact of risk perception and social trust on farmers' willingness to participate in agricultural insurance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Henan Agricultural University.
  • • Wang, Y. N. (2018). Comparison of corporate governance structure between non-profit and for-profit private universities. Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University, (06), 1-6.
  • • Wang, Y. T. (2021). Innovation of internal governance structure in non-profit private colleges and universities. Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University, (02), 7-15.
  • • Wedlin, L. (2006). “Ranking business schools: forming fields, identities and boundaries”. International Management Education. Abingdon: Edward Elgar publishing limited.
  • • Wei, F. B. (2017). Research on existing problems and countermeasures of corporate governance structure in private colleges and universities. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xiangtan University.
  • • Wei, G., Xiao, Z. Z., Nick Travlos, & Zhou, H. (2007). Background of independent directors and corporate performance. Economic Research (03), 92-105+156.
  • • Wei, J. Y., & Zhao, L. M. (2011). Research on the relationship between corporate governance structure and business performance of university listed companies. Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, (02), 56-61. DOI:10.13894/j.cnki.jfet.2011.02.016.
  • • Wen, W. & Song J. B. (2017). Top-management overseas background and corporate social responsibility. Management Science (02), 119-131.
  • • Wende, M. (2008). Rankings and classifications in higher education: a European perspective. Higher Education, 23, 49–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6959-8.
  • • Wiersema, M. F., & Bantel, K. A. (1992). Top management team demography and corporate strategic change. Academy of Management journal, 35(1), 91-121.
  • • Wiggins, R. R., & Ruefli, T. W. (2002). Sustained competitive advantage: Temporal dynamics and the incidence and persistence of superior economic performance. Organization science, 13(1), 81-105.
  • • Wiśniowski, A., Sakshaug, J. W., Perez Ruiz, D. A., & Blom, A. G. (2020). Integrating probability and nonprobability samples for survey inference. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 8(1), 120-147.
  • • Wu, J., Richard, O. C., Triana, M. D. C., & Zhang, X. (2022). The performance impact of gender diversity in the top management team and board of directors: A multiteam systems approach. Human Resource Management, 61(2), 157-180.
  • • Wu, M. Y., & Zhang, L. R. (2018). A Study of Top-Management Team Traits, Environmental Responsibility and Corporate Value. East China Economic Management, (02), 122-129. doi:10.19629/j.cnki.34-1014/f.170604011.
  • • Wu, M. Y., & Zhang, L. R. (2018). A Study of Top-Management Team Traits, Environmental Responsibility and Corporate Value. East China Economic Management, (02), 122-129. doi:10.19629/j.cnki.34-1014/f.170604011.
  • • Wu, R. (2023). Financial performance evaluation of C private colleges and universities based on Balanced Scorecard (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Chongqing Technology and Business University.
  • • Wulan, A. Z. B. K. (2021). Research on Corporate Governance Structure, Internal Control Quality and Corporate Performance of Privately Held Listed Enterprises. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xinjiang University.
  • • Xiong, W., Pan, H., Li, L. w., & Liu, L. X. (2022). Can the optimization of supervisory board of supervisor characteristics robustly enhance the operational efficiency of firms? --Evidence from listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Research World, (03), 42-54. doi:10.13778/j.cnki.11-3705/c.2022.03.005.
  • • Xu, Q., Fernando, G. D., & Schneible, R. A. (2022). Age diversity, firm performance and managerial ability. Review of Accounting and Finance, 21(4), 276-298.
  • • Xu, W. F., Ruan, Q. S., & Wang, G. D. (2021). Private Entrepreneurs' External Environment Risk Perception and Firms' Innovation Investment. Research Management (03), 160-171. doi:10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2021.03.016.
  • • Xu, X. N. (2022). Research on the influence of board level on enterprise innovation performance. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Liaoning University.
  • • Xu, X., & Huang, J. (2020). A Study of Risk Perception and Behavioral Choices of Business Managers in the New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic. Library Journal (12), 117-127. doi:10.13663/j.cnki.lj.2020.12.016.
  • • Xuan, K. K. (2021). Research on the influence of performance evaluation on the internal governance structure of private universities based on grounded theory. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Xiamen
  • • Yan, R. S. (2009). Reanalysis of the relationship between Board governance and corporate performance: Based on an empirical study of listed manufacturing companies in China. Economic Management, (10), 54-58. doi:10.19616/j.cnki.bmj.2009.10.013.
  • • Yanadori, Y., Kulik, C. T., & Gould, J. A. (2021). Who pays the penalty? Implications of gender pay disparities within top management teams for firm performance. Human Resource Management, 60(4), 681-699.
  • • Yang, D. (2013). Corporate governance and firm performance: a sociological analysis based on Chinese experience. Chinese social sciences, (01), 72-94+206.
  • • Yang, P., Gao, S. Y. & Liu, L. (2014). An empirical study on the characteristics of executive team and the performance of GEM listed companies. Enterprise economy, (11), 56-61. doi:10.13529/j.cnki.enterprise.economy.2014.11.013.
  • • Yang, W., & Lv, X. Y. (2017). The Relationship between Board Structure and Firm Performance in Joint Ventures. Economics and Management Research, 38(5), 105-112.
  • • Ye, C. Y., & Zhang, X. (2022). CEO Tenure, Board Learning Ability and CEO Turnover - An Analysis Based on the Performance Change Perspective. Nankai Management Review, 1-26.
  • • Yi, Y. Y. (2018). The Impact of Heterogeneous Identity of Top-Management Teams on Tunneling Behavior of Privately Listed Companies - A Test Based on the Mediating Effect of Corporate Governance Behavioral Orientation. Journal of Hunan University of Finance and Economics, (03), 119-128. doi:10.16546/j.cnki.cn43-1510/f.2018.03.015.
  • • Yin, X. L., Tian, S., & Wu, Shao. T. (2022). A Study on the Impact of Corporate Governance Structure on the Performance of Baijiu Enterprises-Based on fsQCA Analysis. Journal of Xichang College (Natural Science Edition), 36(3), 35-40.
  • • Zang, Y. Y., & Xu, X. L. (2021). The dilemma and breakthrough of internal governance in private colleges and universities from the perspective of stakeholder theory. Research on higher education in Heilongjiang Province, (08), 38-44. DOI:10.19903/j.cnki.cn23-1074/g.2021.08.007.
  • • Zhang, J. F., & Liu, X. L. (2020). Research on the construction strategy of university performance evaluation index system. Accounting Learning, (13), 207-208.
  • • Zhang, J. Z., & Gu S. S. (2020). Director characteristics and firm risk bearing capacity: Mediating effect based on director network. Research on Financial and Economic Issues, (09), 70-77. doi:10.19654/j.cnki.cjwtyj.2020.09.008.
  • • Zhang, K. T., Ma, Z. M., & Wu, L. S. (2017). Executive academic experience and corporate debt financing costs. Economic research, (07), 169-183.
  • • Zhang, L. F. (2018). Study on the influence of characteristics of supervisory board of listed companies on financial restatement. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Hebei University of Business and Economics.
  • • Zhang, L., Yan, B., & Liu, J. (2021). Pathways to High Performance in Research Projects: Team Diversity or Behavioral Integration? --An empirical study based on NSFC projects. Management Review, (09), 110-118. doi:10.14120/j.cnki.cn11-5057/f.2021.09.011.
  • • Zhang, W. X., & Zhang, F. (2021). Risk Perception, Cognitive Bias, and Sorting Decisions for Incentive Contracts. Scientific Decision Making, (05), 90-104.
  • • Zhang, X. (2019). An empirical study of the impact of information disclosure on governance performance in higher education institutions. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Capital University of Economics and Business.
  • • Zhang, X. E., Sun, Z. B., & Wang, B. (2013). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Team Heterogeneity on Entrepreneurial Performance - Based on Research and Analysis of 264 Entrepreneurial Enterprises in Seven Provinces and Cities. East China Economic Management, (07), 112-115.
  • • Zhang, X. L., & Lu, Y. J. (2022). Research on the construction of performance evaluation system in applied universities. Journal of Jilin Institute of Business and Technology, (05), 119-123. DOI:10.19520/j.cnki.issn1674-3288.2022.05.021
  • • Zhang, X. R. (2019). An empirical study on the influence of university information disclosure on governance performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Capital University of Economics and Business.
  • • Zhang, Y. X. (2020). An empirical study of the effect of task conflict on team performance - with relational conflict as a mediating variable, (12), 105-107. doi:10.14013/j.cnki.scxdh.2020.12.039.
  • • Zhang, Y. Y. (2021). Research on corporate governance structure of for-profit private universities. Journal of Yellow River Institute of Science and Technology, (03), 22-25. DOI:10.19576/j.issn.2096-790X.2021.03.004
  • • Zhang, Y. Z., (2023). Analysis on the system construction path of private colleges and universities from the perspective of governance. Journal of Yellow River Institute of Science and Technology, (01), 25-29. DOI:10.19576/j.issn.2096-790X.2023.01.004.
  • • Zhang, Z., Zhu, L., Chen, G., Shang, L., Zhao, Q., & Ren, F. (2022). How entrepreneurial team heterogeneity impacts decision-making performance? An input-process-output approach. Chinese Management Studies, 16(5), 965-992. DOI 10.1108/CMS-12-2020-0564
  • • Zhao, B. Y., Ge, Y. H., & Wang, H. (2016). TMT The effect of vertical pair differences on innovation performance - the mediating role of innovation climate and the moderating role of behavioral integration. Science, Technology and Economics, 29(4), 1-5.
  • • Zhao, B. Y., Ge, Y. H., & Wang, H. (2017). TMT structural variability, team self-reflexivity and innovation performance. Industrial Engineering and Management, (1), 127-133.
  • • Zhao, L. (2014). Research on the Influencing Factors of Board Governance Performance of GEM Listed Companies. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Shandong University.
  • • Zhao, L. M. (2011). An empirical study on the relationship between governance structure and business performance of higher education institutions listed companies. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics.
  • • Zhao, Q. Y. (2022). Innovation input, governance structure and firm performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Sichuan Agricultural University.http://kns.cnki.net.https.gzlib.99885.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFDTEMP&filename=1023448350.nh
  • • Zhao, Y. P. (2023). Research on the relationship model between governance structure, dissimilation of orientation goals and organizational performance. (PHD thesis). Retrieved from Jilin University.
  • • Zhong, X. L. (2020). Research on the influence of executive team tenure on firm performance. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from South China University of Technology.
  • • Zhou, G. l., & Guo, hui. (2020). Empirical Research on University Governance 2015-2019: Characteristics, Trends and Prospects. JOURNAL OF EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY (Educational Sciences), (9), 200-227. DOI:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.09.011
  • • Zhou, J., Yuan, D. L., Xue, N., & Jin, Y. Y. (2014). The combined impact of marketization process and board governance on corporate performance: based on empirical evidence from China's A-share market. Mathematical statistics and management, (06), 1021-1029. doi:10.13860/j.cnki.sltj-20141122-041.
  • • Zhou, L., & Guan, P. (2022). Research on the relationship between the characteristics of the board of directors of listed companies and business performance. Journal of Economic Research, (21), 14-16.
  • • Zhou, Y. (2023). WeChat Use and Risk Perceptions of the Shanghai Population under the New Crown Epidemic. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Shanghai International Studies University.
  • • Zhou, Z. (2020). Study on the optimization of administrative power operation in the internal governance structure of private universities (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Wuhan University.
  • • Zhu, J. P. (2019). Research on performance evaluation of non-profit private universities in China. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xiangtan University.
  • • Zhu, M. K. (2022). A study on the impact of heterogeneity of independent directors on corporate performance of listed companies in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Xi'an University of Science and Technology.
  • • Zhu, Y. L., Chen, J. AO., & Chen, Y. (2018). The transformation path of internal governance structure in private colleges and universities. Higher Education Exploration, (12), 97-102.
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

DENG XIUFEN, D. X., HAZLINA BINTI ABD KADIR, H. B. A. K., & OOI BOON KEAT, O. B. K. (2024). Governance Structure and Organizational Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions: Governance Structure and Organizational Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 7(03), 33–58. https://doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v07i03.3

Download Citation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.