International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies

“Formulation and evaluation of microemulsion based gel of Calendula officinalis extract and its anti-microbial activity”

MD HAMID ANSARI — 2024-06-13

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a micro emulsion-based gel containing Calendula officinalis extract, targeting its potential as an antimicrobial agent. Micro emulsions offer a unique advantage in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic plant extracts, thereby improving their therapeutic efficacy. Qualitative phytochemical screening of Calendula officinalis showed the presence of active metabolites such as Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, saponin, tannins and phenols. The micro emulsion was prepared using oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant systems, followed by its incorporation into a gel matrix.

The formulated micro emulsion-based gel was characterized for physicochemical properties such as pH, viscosity, spread ability, and stability. The viscosity of microemugel is found to be 6891 ±0.37 cps.

The pH of microemugel is 6.5 and spread ability is 11.18, indicating that microemugel has high release and permeability. The microemugel's creation and shape were verified using SEM images. Furthermore, the antimicrobial efficacy of the gel was assessed against common pathogenic microorganisms including Escherichia coli through in vitro studies. The results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, suggesting the potential application of this formulation in topical antimicrobial therapy. The study concludes that the micro emulsion-based gel of Calendula officinalis extract exhibits promising characteristics for the development of effective antimicrobial treatments.

Formulation and evaluation of silver nanoparticle of root extract of “pimenta dioica”

RAKESH THAKRE — 2024-06-06

This study aims to investigate the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the root extract of Pimenta dioica, a natural and sustainable source of reducing and stabilizing agents. The AgNPs were prepared through a green synthesis process, involving the reduction of silver ions by the phytochemicals present in the root extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to determine their size and shape. The results revealed that the AgNPs exhibited a narrow size distribution, with an average size of 182.8 to 201.6 nm, and a spherical morphology. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was evaluated against a bacterial strain, including Gram-positive bacteria. The results demonstrated that the AgNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against the tested strain. The study highlights the potential applications of the AgNPs in various fields, including medicine and food preservation due to their antimicrobial properties and eco-friendly synthesis. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of utilizing natural resources, such as Pimenta dioica, for the development of sustainable and cost-effective nanomaterials with potential therapeutic properties. The results also emphasize the need for further research to optimize the synthesis process, elucidate the mechanisms behind the antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs, and explore their potential applications in various fields.

Exploration and Practice of the Pre-Operational Urban Organic Renewal 3.0 Model: A Case Study of Baotou Hongjie Renewal and Renovation

XIA YILAN — 2024-06-18

China's urban development has entered a stage of stock renewal, transitioning from extensive outward expansion to intensive intrinsic development in line with the overarching goals of "high-quality development" and "new quality productivity." This paper uses the redevelopment of the historical and cultural district of Baotou Red Street as a case study. From the perspective of pre-operational planning, it examines the current issues faced in China's urban organic renewal. The study explores market-oriented strategies and innovative practice models for urban organic renewal from various dimensions, including spatial characteristics, renewal ideas, business pattern creation, and operational strategies.

The Value, Purpose and Pilot Project of University Smart Sports Service System

YU SUN — 2024-06-17

To explore the value and purpose of the construction of the smart sports service system in universities, to analyze the detailed rules of the system construction through the pilot research, and to put forward the suggestions and prospects. Research results: Value mainly refers to the construction of a higher level of national fitness public service system, driving the integration and transformation of university sports service, and improving the participation of teachers and students through efficient supply. The basic purpose include local conditions, people-oriented, on-demand configuration and green innovation; The system construction is mainly reflected in the comprehensive construction of smart stadiums, ecological layout, platform service and background management. In view of the development of smart sports into university sports service and combined with the development status of smart sports industry, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions. Looking into the future, science and technology will enable universities to build a smart sports service system with a higher level, wider dimension and deeper integration.

“Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of sphagenticola trilobata plant extract in alcohol induced gastric ulcer in rats”

ASTHA SACHDEVA — 2024-06-14

The present study investigates the anti-ulcer activity of Sphagneticola trilobata plant extract in an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Gastric ulcers, a common gastrointestinal disorder, are often exacerbated by alcohol consumption. This research aims to evaluate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of Sphagneticola trilobata, a plant known for its medicinal properties, against gastric mucosal damage. Rats were administered alcohol to induce gastric ulcers and subsequently treated with Sphagneticola trilobata extract. Gastric lesions were assessed macroscopically to determine ulcer index, and other relevant parameters. Results indicated a significant reduction in ulcer formation and improvement in gastric mucosal integrity in treated groups compared to controls. These findings suggest that Sphagneticola trilobata extract possesses considerable anti-ulcerogenic properties, making it a promising candidate for further pharmacological studies.

“Development, Characterization and Anti-Cancer Potential of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Folate Appended Gellan Gum Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Targeting”

AMIT ONKARI — 2024-06-13

This study explores the pharmacological investigation and anti-cancer potential of folate-modified Gellan gum nanoparticles, focusing on their impact on cancer cells through p53 activation and the inhibition of the mTOR/PI3K pathway. The nanoparticles were meticulously characterized using advanced techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to ensure structural integrity. Additionally, drug release kinetics, particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were assessed to understand the formulation's physicochemical properties. Anti-cancer efficacy was evaluated through Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, demonstrating a significant reduction in cell viability upon exposure to the folate-modified Gellan gum nanoparticles. The p53 assay revealed an upregulation of the tumor suppressor protein, indicating activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Concurrently, the mTOR assay demonstrated inhibition of the mTOR/PI3K signaling pathway, further supporting the anti-cancer potential of the nanoparticles. Comprehensive characterization studies corroborated the efficacy findings, with NMR and FTIR confirming the successful modification of Gellan gum. The nanoparticle formulation exhibited controlled drug release, optimal particle size, desirable zeta potential, and high entrapment efficiency, collectively contributing to its potential as an effective anti-cancer agent. In conclusion, this research provides a thorough investigation into the anti-cancer potential of folate-modified Gellan gum nanoparticles. The synergy of SRB, p53, and mTOR assays, coupled with detailed characterization parameters, establishes a comprehensive understanding of the formulation's efficacy. These findings support the development of Gellan gum nanoparticles as a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy, warranting further exploration and clinical translation.

Formulation and evaluation of biodegradable microsphere of plant extract of “pongamia pinnata”

HIMANSHU PATLE — 2024-06-06

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of biodegradable microspheres containing plant extract of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) for their antimicrobial activity. Pongamia pinnata, a plant renowned for its medicinal properties, was chosen for its bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic benefits. The primary objective was to develop a delivery system that enhances the stability and efficacy of the plant extract while ensuring controlled release and biodegradability. Microspheres were formulated using a solvent evaporation technique, employing biodegradable polymers such as HPMC and EC. The Pongamia pinnata extract was meticulously incorporated into the polymer matrix to form microspheres. Various parameters such as particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and surface morphology were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the formulated microspheres was evaluated against common pathogenic microorganisms including Escherichia coli using the well diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, indicating that the encapsulated extract retained its bioactivity and was effectively released from the microspheres. The study concluded that the biodegradable microspheres of Pongamia pinnata extract not only provide a sustained release of the bioactive compounds but also enhance the antimicrobial efficacy. This innovative approach holds promise for developing effective and eco-friendly antimicrobial agents, paving the way for further research in the domain of plant-based therapeutics.

Urban and Rural Family Background and Parental Educational Involvement of Primary School Students

MA YUWEI — 2024-06-18

Based on the reality of significant difference in the academic achievement of urban and rural students in Dujiangyan City, and the analysis of existing literature, this study deduces that the factor behind the difference in the academic achievement of urban and rural students in Dujiangyan City is the significant difference in family factors between urban and rural areas, and proposes the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the family backgrounds of urban and rural primary school students and in the educational involvement of their parents. In this study, one primary school in each urban and rural area was selected for sampling and 346 valid questionnaire answers were obtained. Cross-tabulation analysis and independent samples t-test for each variable by school showed that there is a significant difference between family background and parental educational involvement of students in urban and rural schools, with students in urban schools being significantly better than students in rural schools. In the demographic data, there were no significant differences in the proportion of students by gender and the proportion of only children, but the proportion of children left behind and the proportion from single-parent families were significantly higher in rural than in urban areas.

The role of human resource management in enterprise management Take scenic spot as an example

DR. XIAOJUN WANG — 2024-06-14

This study delves into the significance of human resource management in scenic area management. As an integral part of the tourism industry, the management and operation of scenic areas heavily rely on human resources. The study first introduces the concepts and backgrounds of scenic area management and human resource management, laying the groundwork for a profound analysis of the pivotal role of human resource management in the management of scenic areas. We emphasize the analysis of how human resource management influences the operational efficiency and customer satisfaction of scenic areas, playing an essential and vibrant role. Next, this paper discusses the challenges faced in implementing human resource management in scenic areas. Deep analysis is given to the existent human resource strategies, and countermeasures are proposed based on the actual environment. By evaluating and optimizing the strategies and practices of human resource management, its role in scenic area management is further enhanced. We then explore and showcase through case studies how scenic areas, which have successfully implemented human resource management strategies, manage to retain employees, and significantly improve operational efficiency. The conclusion elucidates the central position of human resource management in scenic area management. It not only affects the operational efficiency of scenic areas but also directly touches on the satisfaction and return rate of tourists. Therefore, only by paying full attention to and optimizing the human resource management of scenic areas can we truly realize optimal management and effectively enhance the operational effects of scenic areas. Future research directions should continue to unearth the potential of human resource management in the tourism industry and in-depth scenic area management, so as to promote its practical application and in-depth theoretical research.