Ethnobotanical Study Of Pakistan’s Southern Punjab Tehsil Of Dunyapur

Present research was conducted at Ladha Bohar situated in Southern Punjab’s important Tehsil Dunyapur that has diverse range of flora including trees, grasses and medicinal plants. Present study reported trees, shrubs, grasses and herbs flora and their ethnobotanical uses with the co-operation of the local inhabitants. Different field trips, transect walks and meetings with local people were made to collect data. Plant specimens were collected, dried and vouchers were obtained by depositing sheets to Stewart Harbarium, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The information about the ethnobotanical uses were collected from local inhabitants especially from women and old age men, shepherds, local healers and herbal dealers or pansars etc by taking interview with the help of questionnaire. In Ladha Bohar floral comprising 68 plant species mainly trees belonging to 38 families. Local people used indigenous plants to cure many ailments, for fodder, shelter, food, fuel, ornamental, landscape, agricultural inputs and many other uses. It was concluded that such diversity would make a great deal in planning further genetic, ecological, forestry and horticultural studies.

And Akash Jamil 1 interest in ethnobotanical studies has been generated over the years over many regions is due to medicinal values of plants (Jiofack et al, 2010) [1] One of the prevalent techniques to study flora of an area is Ethnobotany that not only portrays species richness, pockets occupied by species families but also plays an important role in understanding the relationship of local inhabitants and the plants.The term ethnobotany deals with the scientific study of relationship between people and plants of any area (Shinwari et al., 2011) [2] .These interactions vary region to region due to different cultural values and uses of plants.Ethnobotany helps in identifying plant species and discovery of different medicines which are used to cure varied diseases.Such gene pool is used in our daily life viz-a-viz medicines, building material, food and fodder, paper making material etc. as well as economics of use and human relationship and interaction with that gene pool.Various researchers conducted ethnobotanical studies.They documented the traditional information of human beings and plants and their conservation.A wealth of information gathered through ethnobotnical studies and their uses about medicinal values, fodder value, fuelwood and timber attainment, shade, role in soil fertility and many more across the globe (  [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . This study shall explore diversity that shaping way to design and disseminate conservation efforts.Proper harvesting and utilization shall air important information to all stakeholders especially of medicinal flora.Local healers called as "hakeem", doctors, midwives (Daai), and other segment of society and women are important in generating important heatlh and other uses of local flora.(Abbas et al., 2013) [10] .Mesfin et al., (2013) [11] explained importance of ethnobotanica research in highlighting role of medicinal plants in their utilization and conservation of species.Absence of basic health facilities is also a contributing factor that how  [12] .Despite medicinal uses these plants also instrumental in preparation/manufacturing agricultural implements, hand tools, cottage industry, providing building materials, fuel and other wood and non wood usage.
In view of importance of studying plant diversity, gene pool was studied using ethnobotanical technique in the research area.The study signifies information about available material that will be helpful in planning further genetic and ecological studies based on occurrence of tree species pockets as well as food, fodder and medicinal knowledge that may have practical implications for developing sustainable agriculture and forestry.Furthermore, this study shall also help to understand landscape ecology and devising future strategies regarding vegetation planning based on temporal and spatial arrangements.It also encourages an awareness of the link between biodiversity and cultural diversity as well as a sophisticated understanding of the mutual influence (both beneficial and destructive) of plants and humans.Common names, local name, plants part used in medicines, medicinal and other uses of plants were identified using interview schedule.In these walks different local people, mostly old men and women were interviewed.Local healers and herbal dealers were also interviewed.In these walks different meetings and dialogues with locals were made.Questionnaire was administered in the fields during these walks.Different filed notes were also made during transect walks to keep in mind the necessary information about the data collection.There were total 68 plant species relating to 38 families which were collected from the study area.

3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig- 1 depicts vegetation uses in the study area.Diversity of trees, shrubs, grasses and herbs provided opportunity of inhabitants to mainly use them for medicinal purposes, followed by food and fuel.Uses of plants were further explored and diversified role of plants were given in  [14] ., Ajaib et al., 2010 [15] ., Khan et al., 2012 [16] and many more studied diversity of similar or dissimilar species in treating various human diseases, feed for livestock and timber and fuel wood for inhabitants.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND STUDIES VOLUME02 ISSUE09 IJMRAS, ISSN 2640-7272, Muhammad Zubair, Sonia Khan, Syed Bilal Hussain, Ahsan Ul Haq and Akash Jamil Page 41
Diversity of plants contributes towards uniformity in species.Studying diversity of hardwoods, herbs and grasses generate information about abundance or limitations of species and performance of species in relation to environment and other factors.Moreover, A lot of

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND STUDIES VOLUME02 ISSUE09 IJMRAS, ISSN 2640-7272, Muhammad Zubair, Sonia Khan, Syed Bilal Hussain, Ahsan Ul Haq and Akash Jamil Page 43 regarding
study was conducted at Ladha Bohar Dunyapur situated in Southern part of Pakistans' uses like food, fodder, fuel, timber, medicines, furniture and other uses.People were aware about the medicinal uses of plants.Parts of plants were taken in transect walks.

Table -
Regarding description and uses of vegetation (Table-1) various plant groups divided into 35different families were helpful in making furniture, fuel wood, food, fodder and curing different ailments.A total of 08 species are anti-inflammatory, 10 species are helpful in regulating menstrual cycle, 06 species produce good quality furniture, 05 species are good fuel wood species, 06 species are controlling dysentery, obesity is treated by 03 species, 10 species are excellent in blood purification, 07 species are laxative, abdominal pain and worms are controlled by 05 species, 10 species have a good fodder value and are helpful in feeding livestock, 02 species are helpful in treating snake bites along with anti-phloistic, gonorrhea, 1 displaying voucher number, english and local name, botanical name, family and uses.Different parts of plants like roots, barks, leaves, fruits either whole or cut prices, pastes as well as juices were used for varied purposes.IJMRAS, ISSN 2640-7272, Muhammad Zubair, Sonia Khan, Syed Bilal Hussain, Ahsan Ul Haq and Akash Jamil Page 44 piles and rheumatism are treated by a couple of species each.Ibrar et al.,2007

Table - 1
: Description and uses of vegetation flora of Ladha Bohar, Tehsil Dunyapur, Punjab to clean the teeth.Seeds are used for toothpaste, control dysentery and regulates menstrual cycle.Bark used in dyes and juice for hair colour and is anti-inflamatory.It is used to cure lungs ulcer and chest problems.Fabaceae Its dried pods are used as food making curry and pickle.Leaves and pods are used for livestock forage and has best fuel wood.Its flowers are used in pregnancy.It has anti-inflammatory properties.Its bark is used to cure leprosy, asthma, bronchitis, dysentery and muscle fatigue.Prosopis cineraria is used against snake It is used in best furniture making, haematic, its saw dust is used in medicines, anti-inflammatory and blood purifier.Controls the abdominal worms, anti obesity, pox or syphilis, foot wounds caused by shoes, leprosy, scabies, pimples, boils and other skin problems.Leaves cure ulcers.Bark used in pregnancy, cures stomach-ache, antiphlogistic, purifies blood, spermatorrhea.Leaves cure night blindness, toothache, strengthen gums, pimples and blisters, blood noxious, anti-inflammatory, treat cough.Seeds used in flue.Bark in hemorrhage.Wood used in furniture, as fuel, timber.Leaves used as fodder.4375Amaltas Cassia fistula Fabaceae It is used in diarrhea and is anti-inflammatory.Used for cough, asthma, chest problems and joints pain.Useful for pain of foot fingers, nephritis, jaundice, heat strokes, liver inflammation and in fever.It is used in diphtheria.Cassia fistula is anti-obes, reduces body weight.. Raw fruit is used to make marmalade and flowers are used to make "Gulqand" which is used for cough and is laxative.Also used in

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Its leaves, flowers and fruit are somehow similar to Azadirachta indica.Its leaves are used as fodder.Wood is used in furniture.It purifies blood; cures pile disorder, body pain, abdominal pain, useful in fever.Leaves are used in leprosy, muscular pain.In piles its seed's kernel is used by the patients.
to cure constipation.Its flesh is used to make jams, jellies, cold and warm teas.Flowers are used in perfumes for fragrance; fiber is used in rope fashion as jute substitute.Leaves are used as spinach.It is used to cure hypertension, cancer, cardiac and nerves diseases and is diuretic.Its seeds have nutritional value.It is antibacterial and vermifuge.13476 Indian Mallow/ Thuthi Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Its various parts are laxative, diuretic, sedative, expectorant, tonic and analgesic.It is used to treat leprosy, ulcer, headache, gonorrhea, pregnancy and bladder infections.It is used to cure piles, urinary infection, ulcer and tuberculosis.14473 Falsa Grewia asiatica Malvaceae Its fruit is edible and is nutritious.This is used as fodder for cattle etc. Wood is used as fuel.It is used to make syrup which is beneficial in heat stroke.It makes heart, liver and stomach strong.Its root is used to cure gonorrhea, diarrhea, diabetes, heart problems, stomach, liver disorders and menstrual problems.IJMRAS, ISSN 2640-

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edible and delicious in taste and is useful in mucus secretion.It is used to treat stomach disorders, cough and give benefit to bronchitis disorders.Its twigs are used in piles problems.Powder of its dried fruit is used in gonorrhea.Its wood is used as fuel and it is used for fodder purposes.58 626 Sweet basil/ Rehan Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae Its seeds are used in juices, useful to make heart strong, give comfort to heart and its problems.Seeds are dipped in water and these are used in juices.Its leaves are used to give comfort to convulsion.Juice of its leaves is poured in ear and is beneficial in ear pain.Leaves are boiled in water and useful in urine and menstrual problems.It makes stomach strong.It is useful for fodder purposes.Asphedelaceae It is mostly used in skin problems, to purify the blood and in medicinal purposes.It is used in diarrhea, eye diseases, inflammation, menstrual problems, cough and pregnancy problems.It is used with white cumin to relief the eye problems.Seeds are used to make back bone strong.Aloe vera is useful for skin pimples and also used to make the hair strong and long to remove the dandruff.For this purpose its pulp is used.Cucurbitaceae Its leaves are used as fodder of livestock.Its pulp is used in constipation.It is used to treat asthma, paralysis, goutiness, rheumatism, leprosy and apoplexy.The major benefit of Citrullus colocynthis is that, it is used in gout and joint problems.Its fruit is used in soaps to remove pimples, itchiness and to make skin color fair.Cyperaceae It is used to treat scabies and other skin problems.It is a perennial grass and famine food grass which has many medicinal uses.It is used to treat fever, leucorrhea, wounds, bruises and digestive system disorders.It has anti bacterial properties and is used to prevent tooth decay.The well dried grass is used for sleeping Aizocaeae It is used in medicines which is beneficial in various ailments.Its cooked leaves are used as food.It is used for treatment of constipation, liver and asthma problems.Leaves are used to treat jaundice and dropsy.Its decoction is useful in rheumatism and gonorrhea.64 220 Bathu Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae It is used to cure different diseases.Chenopodium album is very important medicinal plant.Its fruit, roots, leaves and whole plant is used in medicines.It is useful in paralysis.Its leaves are grinned and are used for Amaranthaceae Its leaves are edible as vegetable.It is diuretic.Used in making hair tonic.Beneficial in eyes problem.Used to cure cough, wounds, diabetes, bronchitis, vomiting, headache, asthma and hepatitis.It is beneficial for lactating mothers.It is used in piles, eczema and stomach problems.66 232 Tandla Digera arvensis Amaranthaceae It is anti-inflammatory.Used to make the bones strong, to cure fever and to treat skin infections.Apocynaceae It is toxic in nature.It is used to treat cancer.Its flowers are used to treat different ailments.